All ages

You can reduce the risk of diabetes complications by maximising the time your glucose levels are in the target range (4 to 8 mmol/L). Screening is important to find any possible developing complications early.

Tamariki (children) and rangatahi (young people) with diabetes can travel just the same as people without diabetes. You will need to do more planning to make sure travel plans include management of diabetes.

Tamariki (children) and rangatahi (young people) with diabetes do not usually become unwell any more often than tamariki without diabetes. They just need extra care and attention from an adult who has received training from a specialist diabetes team.

Hypoglycaemia happens when the blood glucose level is less than 4 mmol/L, or where your child has symptoms of hypoglycaemia at a level close to this.

Tamariki (children) and rangatahi (young people) with type 1 diabetes mellitus need insulin therapy to replace the insulin that the body can no longer produce. Tamariki and rangatahi with type 2 diabetes may also need insulin.

The content in this section has been produced in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and adapted from 'Much more than words | Manuka takoto, kawea ake'. If you would like to look at anything in more detail, this list of references might be a good starting point.

Some questions and answers to help you decide whether your child needs a referral to the Ministry of Education for their communication, speech or language development.

Many parents think about using complementary or alternative medicine approaches for their tamariki (children). There are some important things to think about using these approaches for your child.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for tamariki (children) with cerebral palsy is unproven and not recommended.

Scientists are developing stem cell therapies for the replacement or repair of damaged tissues such as nerves, muscle and other parts of the body. Doctors and scientists are researching stem cell therapy and looking at the best ways to use stem cells in cerebral palsy.  

A selection of books about pain management in tamariki and rangatahi

Some Apple iOS and Android relaxation and pain management apps to help your child.

The presence of pain can affect all aspects of a child or young person's life and have a big impact on their family and whānau.

Sleep associations happen when your child learns to fall asleep with a certain object or activity. Changing sleep associations is all about teaching your child to fall asleep by themselves, without that object or activity.

The best thing that you can do if your child has a nightmare is comfort them. Following most nightmares, your child will be reassured by a few minutes of comfort.

There are many reasons why tamariki (children) wake up during the night - find out about some of the most common ones.