Newborns and infants (0-12 months)

Urinary tract dilatation (UTD) means part of your baby’s urinary tract looks wider than usual on an ultrasound scan. Health professionals use ultrasound scans to grade UTD. Your baby’s grade helps their healthcare team plan scans, tests and follow-up.

Urinary tract dilatation (UTD) means part of your baby’s urinary tract looks wider than usual on an ultrasound scan. In most pēpi (babies), it improves before or after birth and does not cause long-term problems.

Blood pressure is an important vital sign for pēpi (babies) in a neonatal unit. It helps the healthcare team assess your baby’s circulation and blood flow.

Baby poo can vary in colour, consistency, smell and frequency. Knowing what’s normal for your baby can help you recognise constipation.

Gastroschisis is a condition where your baby’s bowel grows outside their abdomen (tummy) through an opening in the abdominal wall. Learn more about what to expect during pregnancy, birth and after your baby is born.

Omphalocele is a condition where some of your baby’s bowel or other organs grow outside their abdomen (tummy) in a protective membrane or sac. Learn more about what to expect during pregnancy, birth and after your baby is born.

Torticollis is when a baby’s head tilts to one side because of a tight neck muscle. It is common in pēpi (babies) and usually gets better with simple exercises.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) records the electrical activity in your baby’s brain. The healthcare team can use EEG monitoring to look at how your baby’s brain is working and look for seizures.

Reflux is very common in premature pēpi (babies). Most reflux does not harm premature pēpi.

Pēpi (babies) who are not responding and not breathing normally need CPR.

A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare condition. Pēpi (babies) with CDH need surgery to close a hole in their diaphragm.

Congenital cataracts are cloudy patches in the eye that pēpi (babies) are born with, or develop soon after birth. They can make vision blurry and affect how a baby learns to see.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye condition that may affect pēpi (babies) who are preterm (born early). If there is a diagnosis of ROP, pēpi can have treatment to prevent vision loss or permanent blindness.

A strawberry naevus is a common type of birthmark in pēpi (babies). They often shrink and fade over time without needing treatment.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye condition that may affect pēpi (babies) who are preterm (born early). An eye exam is the only way to diagnose ROP. Find out what happens before, during and after the eye exam.

A congenital breathing problem happens when the lungs or parts of the airway don’t grow normally before birth.