All genders

Urinary tract dilatation (UTD) means part of your baby’s urinary tract looks wider than usual on an ultrasound scan. Health professionals use ultrasound scans to grade UTD. Your baby’s grade helps their healthcare team plan scans, tests and follow-up.

Urinary tract dilatation (UTD) means part of your baby’s urinary tract looks wider than usual on an ultrasound scan. In most pēpi (babies), it improves before or after birth and does not cause long-term problems.

Blood pressure is an important vital sign for pēpi (babies) in a neonatal unit. It helps the healthcare team assess your baby’s circulation and blood flow.

Baby poo can vary in colour, consistency, smell and frequency. Knowing what’s normal for your baby can help you recognise constipation.

Gastroschisis is a condition where your baby’s bowel grows outside their abdomen (tummy) through an opening in the abdominal wall. Learn more about what to expect during pregnancy, birth and after your baby is born.

Omphalocele is a condition where some of your baby’s bowel or other organs grow outside their abdomen (tummy) in a protective membrane or sac. Learn more about what to expect during pregnancy, birth and after your baby is born.

An inguinal hernia happens when part of the bowel or other tissue pushes through an opening into the groin. It may show up as a lump that comes and goes. If you think your child may have a hernia, see a health professional.

Torticollis is when a baby’s head tilts to one side because of a tight neck muscle. It is common in pēpi (babies) and usually gets better with simple exercises.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) records the electrical activity in your baby’s brain. The healthcare team can use EEG monitoring to look at how your baby’s brain is working and look for seizures.

Reflux is very common in premature pēpi (babies). Most reflux does not harm premature pēpi.

Tamariki (children) who are not responding and not breathing normally need CPR.

Pēpi (babies) who are not responding and not breathing normally need CPR.

A joint infection, also called septic arthritis, is a serious infection in a joint. Tamariki (children) with a joint infection need urgent treatment in hospital. Some tamariki can become very unwell quickly, but most recover well when treatment starts early.

Chickenpox is usually a mild illness, but it can make immunosuppressed tamariki (children) very sick. If your child develops a rash that could be chickenpox, see a health professional the same day.

Osteomyelitis is an infection in the bone. It can cause pain, swelling and fever. Tamariki (children) with osteomyelitis need medical care. This can include antibiotics and surgery.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of long-term arthritis in childhood. With early diagnosis and treatment, most tamariki (children) and rangatahi (young people) with JIA do well. They can manage their symptoms and take part in everyday activities.